Conventions Used in This Book

The following is a list of the typographical conventions used in this book:

Italic

Used for file and directory names, program and command names, command-line options, URLs, and new terms

Constant Width

Used in examples to show the contents of files or the output from commands, and in the text to indicate words that appear in C code or other literal strings

Constant Width Italic

Used to indicate text within commands that the user replaces with an actual value

Constant Width Bold

Used in examples to show commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user

Pay special attention to notes set apart from the text with the following icons:

This is a tip. It contains useful supplementary information about the topic at hand.

This is a warning. It helps you solve and avoid annoying problems.